Wednesday, April 2, 2025

Nouns Used As Adjective

It's very common to use nouns as adjectives by putting them before other nouns (in 'attributive' position). E.g. car door, cheese pie, disc box, table leg, ring finger. Note the following: 

  1. It's not always possible to put 2 nouns together in this way. Sometimes it's necessary to use the construction with 'of' (E.g. a loaf of bread, not *a bread loaf) or the possessive (E.g. a miner's lamp, not *a miner lamp). 
  2. When two nouns are used together like this, they are sometimes written as one word, especially when the words are short and the expression is very common (e.g. raincoat, housework). In other cases, hyphens are used (e.g. grave-digger), or the words are written separate4ly (e.g. bicycle chain). Expressions like these are often (but not always) pronounced with the main stress on the first nouns: 'raincoat, housework, 'table leg, shoe-repairer, but apple tart, garden gate. There are no very clear rules about the writing or pronunciation of these combinations: look in the dictionary for information about particular expressions. 
  3. When a noun is used as an adjective before another noun, it is almost always singular (even if the meaning is plural). People who repair shoes are called shoe-repairers; people who sell houses are called house agents; packets that you put cigarettes in are called cigarette packets; a brush for teeth is a toothbrush. Plural expressions with numbers also become singular when they are used as adjectives. Compare the following: Five pound > A five-pound note, Ten miles > A ten-mile walk, Three men > A three men-man expedition, Ninepence > A nine-penny stamp
  4. Note the use of the ending -ed to turn nouns into adjective in certain expressions. In these cases, the meaning is similar to 'with' or 'having'. Examples: Wheeled transport, A one-eyed sailor A broad-shoulder, Blue-chinned truck-driver...
  5. There are some pairs of nouns and adjectives (e.g. gold, golden) which can both be used as adjectives with different meanings. Examples: A god watch > Golden memories, Silk stockings > Silken skin, A lead pipe > leaden sky (= grey and depressing), A stone roof > A stoney silence (= Unsympathetic) 


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