Although Vs Though

Very often, both of these words can be used in the same way. 

They're a nice family, (al)though I don't like young Sander much. 

There one or two differences: 

1. 'Though' is more common in informal speech or writing. 'Although' can be used in all styles. Compare the following: 

Although the murder of the Archduke was the immediate cause of the First World War, the real reasons for the conflict were very much more complicated. 

I'd quite like to go out, (al)though it is a bit late. 

2. 'Though' is often used with 'even' to give emphasis. 'Even although' is not possible. 

Even though I didn't understand a word, I kept smiling. 

3. 'Though' (but not 'although') can be put at the end of a sentence, with the meaning of 'however'. 

It was a quiet party. I had a good time, though. 

In longer sentences, 'though' can also come in other position: 

The strongest argument, though, is Britain's economic and political dependence on the United States. 

In cases like these, 'though' is an adverb. 'Although' can only be used as a conjunction.